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A cultural icon is an artifact that is recognised by members of a culture or sub-culture as representing some aspect of cultural identity. Cultural icons vary widely, and may be visual, audio, an object, a person or group of people, etc. In the media, many items of popular culture have been called "iconic" despite their lack of durability. Some commentators believe that the word is overused or misused.〔(Heard about the famous icon? We have - far too often ), ''The Independent'' (London), January 27, 2007〕 ==Types== A subset of cultural icons are national icons. A web-based survey was set up in 2006 allowing the public to nominate their ideas for national icons of England〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Our Collection )〕 and the results reflect the range of different types of icon associated with an English view of English culture. Some examples are: * Big Ben (the nickname for the bell, but widely recognised as Elizabeth Tower of the Houses of Parliament in London);〔 * Cup of tea (for the British tea drinking habit);〔〔(BBC: Tea steams ahead in icon hunt ). Retrieved 15 December 2012.〕 * Red telephone box;〔〔 * Red Routemaster London double decker bus;〔〔 * Spitfire, a World War II fighter aircraft.〔(British Postal Museum & Archive: Icons of England ). Retrieved 15 December 2012.〕〔(Culture24: Icons of England ). Retrieved 15 December 2012.〕 Matryoshka dolls are seen internationally as cultural icons of Russia. The values, norms and ideals represented by a cultural icon vary both among people who subscribe to it, and more widely among other people who may interpret cultural icons as symbolising quite different values. Thus an apple pie is a cultural icon of the United States, but its significance varies among Americans. National icons can become targets for those opposing or criticising a regime, for example, crowds destroying statues of Lenin in Eastern Europe after the fall of communism or burning the Stars and Stripes flag to protest about US actions abroad. Religious icons can also become cultural icons in societies where religion and culture are deeply entwined, such as representations of the Madonna in societies with a strong catholic tradition. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「cultural icon」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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